Simulation & Control

Engineering project

Aircraft Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)

Guided Lamb wave SHM for CFRP aircraft panels: <1cm damage localization using beamforming and ML classification.

Lamb WavesPiezoelectricDamage DetectionAI

Project brief

Research project implementing guided elastic wave propagation for non-destructive evaluation of aircraft carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) panels. Piezoelectric (PZT) actuators generate Lamb waves that propagate through the panel; the signal processing pipeline applies delay-and-sum beamforming imaging to detect and localize delamination damage, with an ML classifier estimating damage severity.

The record describes guided-wave inspection research on composite panels. The narrative does not add experimental images, detection probabilities, or coupon results.

The engineering challenge

Distinguish structural-change signals from propagation and environmental effects in composite panels.

Engineering approach

  1. Arrange excitation and acquisition across the stated piezoelectric array.
  2. Apply temperature correction and delay-and-sum imaging.
  3. Relate reconstructed indications to the severity-classification workflow.

Features & capabilities

  • 8-transducer PZT array (Physik Instrumente P-876) for Lamb wave excitation
  • Custom NI DAQ interface at 5MHz sample rate, 100μs acquisition window
  • Delay-and-sum beamforming damage imaging: 0.5cm × 0.5cm resolution
  • Sub-centimeter damage localization accuracy validated on CFRP coupons
  • Random forest classifier: damage severity (none/minor/major) at 88% accuracy
  • Temperature compensation for wave speed variation over -20°C to +80°C
  • Comparison study: pitch-catch vs pulse-echo vs phased array modes
  • Publication-ready automated report generation with damage maps

Software & engineering tools

MATLAB R2024a, Signal Processing Toolbox, Statistics Toolbox, NI 9215 DAQ, PZT actuators/sensors, Python ML integration