Energy & Thermal

Engineering concept

Pico-Hydro Teaching Demonstrator

A recirculating hydraulic bench concept linking water head, flow, turbine geometry, and electrical measurement.

FreeCADPythonFlow meterPressure sensor

Project brief

This proposed demonstrator would use a recirculating water bench to explain the relationship between hydraulic input and small-turbine electrical output. The concept would include a reservoir, controlled flow path, interchangeable nozzle or runner arrangement, and an instrumented low-voltage generator load. The energy consumed by the recirculation pump would be recorded separately so the bench is never presented as a net-energy source. CAD work would focus on splash containment, service access, and alignment between runner and generator. Proposed deliverables include the bench architecture, power-balance equations, and a controlled experiment plan. Turbine efficiency and electrical output would remain quantities to measure, with no renewable-generation performance asserted from the unbuilt concept.

Design concept developed for this portfolio. The diagrams describe the proposed system; implementation and testing are part of the validation plan.

The engineering challenge

Make the hydraulic-to-electrical energy path measurable while separating it from the power used to recirculate water.

Engineering approach

  1. Define head and flow measurement points.
  2. Compare interchangeable nozzle and runner layouts.
  3. Instrument generator load and recirculation input separately.
  4. Plan power-balance experiments using controlled settings.

Validation plan

  • Check sensor zero points before each experiment.
  • Compare steady hydraulic input with generator output.
  • Record pump energy separately and retain it in every report.

Concept scope

  • Recirculating water loop
  • Interchangeable runner concept
  • Flow and head measurement
  • Low-voltage load bank
  • Explicit pump-energy accounting

Software & engineering tools

FreeCAD, Python, Flow meter, Pressure sensor, Electrical power logger